Loris Zanatta (1962), professore ordinario, insegna Storia internazionale, Relazioni internazionali dell’America Latina e Storia e istituzioni dell’America Latina all’Università di Bologna. È editorialista per diverse testate italiane e internazionali, membro dell’Accademia della Storia della Repubblica Argentina, nonché autore di numerosi libri editi in Italia e in America latina. Tra le sue pubblicazioni: Perón y el mito de la Nación católica (Buenos Aires 1999); Historia de la Iglesia argentina (Buenos Aires 2000); Eva Perón. Una biografia politica (Soveria Mannelli 2009); Storia dell’America Latina contemporanea (Roma–Bari 2010); Populismo (Roma 2013); “La internacional” justicialista (Buenos Aires 2013); Fidel Castro. L’ultimo Re cattolico (Roma 2019); Il populismo gesuita. Péron, Fidel, Bergoglio (Roma-Bari 2020); Popolo (Macerata 2023).
Abstract
The Fidel Castro of this essay is a religious leader, more than a political one; King and Pontiff of a confessional order that merged what liberalism had separated: politics and religion, individual and community, state and society. The totalitarian nature of his regime did not imitate the socialist allies, but was the spontaneous fruit of the antiliberal matrix of Catholic populism: phalangism, Peronism, Chavismo are its closest relatives. Unanimous, hierarchical, corporate, inclusive but Manichean, his state was an ethical state dedicated to catechizing the faithful and converting infidels with the cross of his faith and the sword of his armies. His communism is to be understood as a Christian millenarianism.
Keywords: cuban populism, castrism and populism, organic community, christian millenarianism, fideistic communism.
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